How Internet Begin

How Internet Begin:

In 1957 United States formed the Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA) within the Department of Defense (DOD) to lead the Military in Science & technology.

In 1962, Paul Baran was commissioned by the U.S Air Force to develop a method that would enable the U.S to maintain control over it’s military even after a Nuclear Attack. The final Proposal was to implement a Packet Switched Network.

*Important Note: Packet Switching breaks down data that travels over the network into small Packets. These Packets reach to the destination computer with the Direct Path or Alternative Path.

Stage 1: ARPANET -> In 1968, Bolt, Beranak & Newman [BBN] was contracted by ARPA to build this Packet Switching Network known as ARPANET.

There were four sites that were initially connected.

1. University of California at Los Angeles
2. Standford Research Institute
3. University of California at Santa Barbara
4. University of Uthah

The Network was wired together using 50 KBPS circuits and was managed by Information Message Processors [IMP] that run on Honeywell 516 minicomputers. The Protocol used to communicate between Host was the (NCP) Network Control Protocol, Which enabled host running on the same network to transfer data.

*Important Note: A Protocol is an agreement used for communication between two network Hosts. The Protocol defines how data should be packaged for transmission on the network so the receiving host can unpackage it on the receiving end.

By 1972, Ray Tomlinson created an email Program that enables a user to send personal message across the network. The ARPA was renamed DARPA.

In 1973, A Development began on the protocol suite is now known as TCP/IP Protocol Suite. Vinton Cerf & Bob Kalm from DARPA headed this Development.

In 1976, Two Major Networking developments occurred. BOB Metcalfe of Xerox developed Ethernet, Which allowed for the development of Local Area Networks. The other major Development was the Implementation of SATNET the Atlantic Packet Satellite network that linked the United States with Europe.

By 1983, The ARPANET had been split into the ARPANET & the MILNET (Military Network). This Separated the Public Portion of the ARPANET from the Military Component. The Year 1983 was also a cut off for use of NCP on the ARPANET. All Participating networks had to switch to TCP/IP Network.

As a Result of increase in participants on ARPANET & MILNET, The University of Wisconsin Introduced a better Name Resolution DNS – Domain Name Space